The Teratogenic Effects of Ibuprofen on Developing in Ovo Chick Embryo

Abstract

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which commonly used for the treatment of high fever, pain or inflammation. Ibuprofen is used in adults and children who are more than or at least 6 months old. The dosage that the patient should take is vary according to the symptoms and age of the patient. Side effects of ibuprofen include dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting. Especially the usage of ibuprofen should be careful in patients with heart, liver or kidney diseases and asthma. It’s not recommended during last trimester of pregnancy prior to 30 week gestaton because ibuprofen is categorized to category C which may induce a congenital malformation to the fetus. However, only a few studies investigated the teratogenic effect of ibuprofen. In this study, the objective is the teratogenic effects of ibuprofen to the development of chick embryos. For this experiment, fertilized eggs of white leghorn were randomly divided into 2 groups, control group and treated group. Control group was injected with normal saline and treated group was injected with the different concentrations of ibuprofen 10, 5 and 1 mg/ml in 0.9% normal saline solution (NSS) into yolk sac. After that, they were incubated until 3^rd day of development. The chick embryos were removed for studying gross morphological malformation. By using total mount. The results of this study, demonstrated that the effects of ibuprofen in early chick embryos showed the morphological abnormalities such as retardation of brain development, abnormal looping of heart, the branchial arches were absent, eye and otocyst were very small, and no limb bud and tail fold. The number and percentage of the mortality rate in the treated group which increased in higher concentration. The percentage of the mortality rate were 16.67%, 50% and 60% at 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. It was concluded that the higher the concentration of ibuprofen cause increasing the mortality rate. This results may apply to study the teratogenic effects of this drug to the human embryo.